![]() First introduced in 1979 by Jack Dongarra, director of the Innovative Computing Laboratory (ICL) at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, HPL has evolved over the decades along with supercomputer architectures and techniques. The main rankings of the biannual TOP500 list use the High Performance Linpack (HPL) test, the industry standard for measuring double-precision (64-bit) arithmetic performance by traditional CPU supercomputers. Modern GPUs offer very high performance for lower precision, and taking advantage of this fact is a real benefit to many applications.” Summit supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory “But not all of the operations in the codes need to be carried out at this level of precision all the time. So, double-precision performance is the key to determining how useful a supercomputer is for science,” said Bronson Messer, the OLCF’s director of science. “Many modern simulations require double precision to ensure that physical quantities are computed accurately, especially when those quantities are sort of pushing and pulling at once, for example, the forces acting on atoms in molecules or the fight between nuclear fusion and gravity that happens in a star. These two methods of calculating arithmetic are used for different applications in computational science, and double precision is considered the ultimate standard. On the other hand, Summit’s HPL-AI performance scores its mixed-precision compute capabilities. When operational in 2022, Frontier is expected to deliver more than 1.5 exaflops of double-precision performance. With its submitted speed of 1.15 exaflops, or a billion billion (1018) floating point operations per second, has Summit somehow jumped into the exascale era of supercomputing ahead of the OLCF’s upcoming Frontier system? No. But it also took second place in a relatively new benchmark test apart from the main competition: High-Performance Linpack–Accelerator Introspection (HPL-AI). JAt ISC High Performance 2021, a European virtual conference for high-performance computing (HPC), the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility’s (OLCF’s) Summit was ranked as the world’s second-fastest supercomputer in the 57th TOP500 list. Since 1987 - Covering the Fastest Computers in the World and the People Who Run Them
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